Woven fabric.



45 with one sequence of threads.

UNITED STATES Patented January 31, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS BENTON DO RNAN, OF'FHILADELPHIA, -PENNSYLVANIA.V

WOVEN FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 781,407, dated. January 31, 1905.

Application filed September 14, 1904l Serial No. 224,448. v

To all whom it' 70m/y concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS BENTON Don- NAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Woven Fabrics, of which the following isaspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming apart thereof. IO My invention relates to woven fabrics, such as are used forcarpets and rugs, and more particularlyto that class of such fabrics in which the pattern and color effects are produced by figuring weft-threads and figuring warp-threads associated with suitable binderthreads.

My invention has for its objects tight weav-v ing and homogeneity with consequent durability and strength, an arrangement whereby 2O the binder warp-threads are drawn very tightly at the points where they cross the figuring weft-threads. thus effectually indenting the figuring weft-threads and producing a pilelike'appearance of the figuring weft-threads,

reversibility of the fabric, economy in the cost of production, purity of coloreffects, and embossed or pile-like appearance, and the attai ument of a considerable number and variety of colors and contrasting varieties of structural appearance.,

Other objects of my `invention will appear from the following description of the'carpet fabric shown in the accompanying drawings and embodying my invention. vI will now describe such fabric and will thereafter point out my invention in claims.

Figures 1, 3, and 4 and 6 to 15, inclusiv are diagrammatical longitudinal sections', or sections taken on planes parallel to the warp- 40 threads and at right angles to the weft-threads,

of portions of they fabric, each viewshowing two consecutive sets of,weftthreads and the different views showing different arrangements or color-effects attainable in one fabric Fig, 2 is a transverse section of a portion of the fabric on a plane indicated by the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a similar view on a plane indicated by the line 5 5, Fig. 4. In Figs. 1, 3, and 4 5o and 6 to 15, inclusive, the threads shown in lseparated for clearness of illustration. lFigs. 2 and 5 the threads arev shown of their 55 `cross-section are exaggerated in size relatively Ito the threads longitudinallyshown` and the threads longitudinally shown are vertically In approximate relative sizes and in their approximate relative positions.

The fabric is provided with binder weftthreads and figuring weft-threads in sets of Veight weft-threads each, each set comprising 6o in successiontwo binder weft-threads 1 and 2, two figuring weft-threads 3 and 4, two

threads 8 and 7 will both be of the same color and the two figuring weft-threads 4 and 8 will bothy be of the same color.

Assuming such a disposition of colors, the figuring weftthreads 3v and 7 may be black and the figur- 70 ing weft-threads 4 and 8 may be ecru. Thev binder weft-threads contribute to the color effects only in that they formftransverse lines between .the figuring-threads;l but as such transverse lines they -replace the shadows which usually appear between transverse lines of pile-loops of a Brussels fabric, and it is therefore usually desirable that they should be of a dark color, and black is frequently a desirable color for these threads. We may 8O assume, therefore, that all the" binder weftthreads areV black. As, howeventhe binder weft-.threads may be maintained always in the same ply throughout a fabric, they may be differently coloredto harmonize with prevailing color effects at the face and bacl'of the fabric. The fabric isA provided with binder warp-threads and figuring warp-threads. We may assume that the figuring warp-thread A is red andthat the figuring vwarp-thread B is green.4 The binder warp-threads c andd merely form thin longitudinal linesvbetween the figuring threads, and we may assume that they are black. .They repeatedly pass from ply to ply throughoutthe fabric. The se- Yoluence ofthe weft-threads is indicatedby their uring warp thread B, two binder warpthreadsc and d, a figuring warp-thread A, and a figuring warp-thread B. This enables the figuring warp-threads to be brought to the surface in pairs of the same color, the several pairs of figuring' warp-threads on each surface bein-g separated by binder warp-threads. A In the weaving of the fabric shown the binder warp-threads may be controlled by journals or heddles. The lifts of the binder warpthreads are the same throughout the fabric and are as follows: first shot, binder c up; second shot, binder c up; third shot, binder d up; fourth shot, binder c up; fifth shot, binder CZ up; sixth shot, binder dup; seventh shot, binder c up; eighth shot, binder d up. The figuring warp-threads are preferably controlled by jacquard mechanism for selecting and lifting the threads to produce the desired pattern and color effects.

In the weaving of the color effect shown in Figs. 1 and 2, which is a weft effect and would be solid black on the face and solid cru on the back with the colors above mentioned, the lifting of the binder warp-threads would be as above stated, the binder warp-threads c being up and the binder warp-thread d and the figuring warp-threads A and B down for the first shot, the binder-warp c and the figuring-warpsA and B up and the binder-warp CZ down for the second shot, the binder-warp Z up and the binder c and the figuring-warps A and B down for the third shot, the binderwarp c and the figuring-warps A and B up and the binder-warp CZ down for the fourth shot, the binder-warp CZ up and the binderwarp c and the figuring-warps A and B down for the fifth shot, the binder-warp Z and the figuring-warps A and B up and the binderwarp c down for the sixth shot, the binderwarp c up and the binder-warp (l and the figuring-warps A and B down for the seventh shot, and the binder-warp d and the figuring warps A and B up and the binder-warp c down for the eighth shot. This completes one set or unit of weaving and is exactly repeated inthe second set shown. By reason of the alternate lifting of the figuring warp threads the successive shots will go to the different plies and alternate shots to the same ply, the wefts 1, 3, 5, and 7 being in the upper ply and the wefts 2, 4, 6, and 8 in the lower ply. The binder warp-thread c is woven first over the upper-ply binder weft-thread 1 and then between the upper and lower plies until it binds the lowerply binder weft thread 6. The binder warp-thread d is woven first under the binder weft-thread 2 and binds this thread in the lower ply and then over the figuring weftthread 3 and then through the fabric and backward and under the lower-ply figuring weft-thread ef and then again through the fabric and over the binder weft-thread 5,and thus this binder warp-thread successively binds in the upper and lower plies the binder weftthread 2, the figuring weft-threads 3 and jf, and the binder weft-thread 5. The binder warp-thread c, as aforesaid, passes around and binds the lower-ply binder weft-thread 6 and then it passes through the fabric and over the upper-ply figuring weft-thread 7 and then through the fabric and backward and under the lowerply figuring weftthread S and then again through the fabric and over the upper-ply binder weftthread 1 of the next set, and thus the binder warp-threzul c successively binds the lower-ply binder weft-thread 6 and the upper-ply figuring weft thread 7, the lower-ply figuring weft-thread 8, and the upper-ply binder weft-thread 1. Thus in this set each binder warp thread binds an equal number of weft-threads and performs an equal amount of work, but is very tightly drawn at the points where it binds the figuring weft-threads by reason of the fact that it successively binds four threads which are suecessively in opposite plies and that it is drawn backward in passing from one to the other of the two figuring weft-threads. The consequence of this construction is that the figuring weft threads are very tightly drawn at the points where they are bound by the binder warp-threads and are therefore deeply indented, so that the fabric has a pile like appearance, such as is highly desirable. It will be observed that this construction places each figuring weft-thread in a separate loop of binderwarp-threads, in which loop it is very tightly drawn. It will also be observed that the binder weft-threads are arranged with two binder weft -threads in each loop of binder warp-threads and that the binder weft-threads are not so tightly drawn as the figuring weftthreads. This, however, enhances the appearance of the fabric,since it produces transverse dark lines imitating the shadows of a Brussels fabric. The relative thicknesses of the figuring and binder threads may be so adjusted that this shadow effect will greatly add to the appearance of the fabric, associated as it is with such tight tying of the figuring-threads that the figuring-threads arelooped or of pilelike appearance. The binder warp-thrciuls are individually so tightly drawn that they are but slightly visible on the face of the fabric, and in this construction they are most tightly drawn on what would otherwise be their most prominent points. Thus uniformity of appearance is attained and their visibility is equalized and as a whole is minimized.

In the arrangement of threads shown in Fig. 3 the color effect with the colors above mentioned would be solid ecru at the face and solid black at the back of the fabric. 'lhis also is a weft effect. The different manipulations of the figuring urp-threads to weave this structure will be obvious from the drawings and from the description above given. In the weft effects the figuring warp-threads are within the fabric and act as stuliers to IOO the figuring Warp-thread B, which may be` green, appears on the back of the fabric. In the weaving of this warp effect and. in fact, in all effects shown the disposition of the warpthreads for the first and second shots and for the fifth and sixth shots is the sanne as above described relative to the edect shown in Figs. 1 and 2. For the third shot the binder d is up and the figuring-warp A is up and the binder-warp c and the figuring-warp B are down. l For the fourth shot the binder c is up, the figuring-warp A is' up, and the binder Z and the figuring-warp B aredown. The shed" for the seventh shot has the binder 'c up and the figuring-warp A up and the binder d and the figuring-.warp B down. The shed for the eighth shot has the binder d up and the binder c down, but is otherwise the same as for the seventh shot. go to the center of the fabric and act as stuers to separate the figuring warp-threads, and the binder weft-threads indent the figuring warpthreads and produce an embossed effect. This warp effect, which with the colors assumed would be solid red at the face and solid green at the back, is of `exceptional purity and well adapted to -be used as the ground fora design. Fig. 6 exhibits solid green at the face and solid red at the back of the fabric. This is also an effect of exceptional purity and well adapted for thel ground of a pattern. Fig. exhibits a combination within each set of the two color effects shown in Figs. 4 and 5 and in Fig. 6,. Obviously the succession of the colors exhibited in the construction shown in Fig. 7 could be changed so that the effect would be green and red at the face and red and green at the back.

' Figs. 8 to 15, inclusive, show the eight possible 'varieties of contrasting warp and weft effects, one warp/effect and one weft effect being combined in each set or unit of weaving. 1n Fig. 8 the colors would be black and red at the face and cru and green at the back,in

Fig. 9 black and green at the face and ecru and red at the back, in Fig. 10 red and black at the face and green and acru at the back, in Fig. 11 green'and black at the face and red and cru at the back, in Fig. l2 cru and redj and in Fig. 15 green and cru at the face and red and black at the back.

With different colors for each figuring weft-thread these .several variationsof structural arrangement Thus the figuring weft-threads would of courseV exhibit a greater variety of colorings. i

I Itis obvious that various modifications .may be made in the construction shown and above particularly described within the principles and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A woven fabric having figuring weft- -threads and binder weft-threads and binder warp-threads, the' binder warp-threadsr binding the binder weft-threads with a plurality of binder weft-threads in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuring weftthreads with a single figuring weft-thread in each loop of binder warp-threads.

2. A woven fabrichaving figuring weftthreads and binder. weft-threads and figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the

binder warp-threads binding the binder weftthreads with a plurality ofbinder weft-threads in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuring weft-threads with a single figuring weft-'thread in each loop of binder warp-threads, the figuring warp-threads acting as stuffers between the surface-ply figuring weft-threads.

3. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threads and figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binder warp-threads binding the binder weftthread's with a plurality of binder weft-threads in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuring: weft-threads with a single figuring weft-thread lin each loop of binder warp-threads, the figuring weft-threads acting as stuffers between the surface-ply figuring warp-threads. Y

4. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threads and figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the

binder warp-threads binding the binder weftthreads with a plurality of binder weft-threads in each loop of binder Warp-threads and binding the figuring weft-threads with a single figuring weft-thread in each loop of binder roov IIO

warp-threads, the figuring warp-threads acting as stuffers between the surface-ply figuring weft-threads'and the figuring weft-threads acting as stuff'ers between the surface-ply fig- 6.- Al woven fabric having figuring'weft-` threads and binder weft-threads and figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the

binder warp-threads binding thel binder weftthreads with two binder weft-threads in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the IIS figuring weft-threadsl with a single figuring weft-thread in cach loop of binder warpthreads, the figuring'. warp-threads acting as stuffers between the surface-ply figuring weft-threads. i

7. A woven fabric having 'figuring' weftthreads and binder weft-threads and figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binder warp-threads binding the binder weftthreads with two binder weft-threads in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuring weft-threads with a single weftthread in each loop of binder warp-threads, the figuring weft-threads acting as stuffers between the surfaceply figuring warpthreads.

8. A woven fabric having figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threads and figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threads, the binder warp-threads binding' the binder weftthreads with two binder weft-threads in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuring' weft-threads with a single figuring weft-thread in each loop of binder warpthreads, the figuring warp-threads acting as stuffers between the surface-ply figuring weft-threads and the figuring weft-threads acting as stuffers between the surface-ply figuring warp-threads.

9. A woven fabric having figuring' weftthreads and binder weft-threads and binder warp-threads, each binder warp-thread passing from a binder weft-thread to a fig'uring weft-thread of one surface ply and binding the saine and then passing' backward through the fabric to a figuring weft-thread of the other surface ply and binding the saine and then passing to a binder weft-thread, and passing' from a binder weft-thread to another binder weft-thread between figuring weftthreads bound in like manner by another binder warp-thread.

l0. A woven fabric having figuring weft- Y threads and binder'weft-threads and binder warp-threads, the binder warp-threads being arranged in two sets, the binder warp-threads of one set passing from a binder weft-thread to a figuring weft-thread of one surface ply and binding' the same and then passing backward through the fabric to a figuring' weft-thread of the other surface ply and bind'- ing the saine and then passing to a binder -weft-thread, and passing from a binder weftthread to another binder weft-thread between figuring' weft-threads bound in like manner by the binder warp-threads of the other set.

l1. A woven fabric having' figuring weftthreads and binder weft-threads and binder warp-threads, the weft-threads being arranged in sets of eight weft-threads each,four figuring weft-threads and four binder weft-threads in each set, the binder warp-threads binding the 'weft-threads each, each set comprising,

binder weft-threads with two binder weftthreads in each loop of binder \\'a|'pthre:uls and binding the figuring \\'eftthre:nls with a single figuring' weft-thread in each loop of binder warp-threads.

l2. A woven fabric having figuring wofff threads and binder weftthreads and binder warp-threads, the weft-threads bei ng arranged in sets of eight weft-threads each, four figuring' weft-threads and four binder weftthreads in each set, and the binder 'warpthreads being' arranged in two sets, the binder warp-threads of one set passing' from a binder weft-thread to a figuring' weft-thread of one surface ply and binding' the saine and then passing' backward through the fabric to a figuring wcftthread of the othersurface ply and binding' the sameand then passing to a binder weft-thread, and passi-ng from a binder weftthread to another binder nuift-threzul between figuring weft-threzuls bound in like manner by the binder warp-threads of the other set.

13. A woven fabric having figurine` weftthreads and binder weft-threads and hgul'ing warp-threads and binder warp-threwls, the weftthrea(,ls being' arranged in sets of eight in succession, two binder weft-threads, two figuring weft-threads, two binder weft-threads and two figuring' weft-threzuls, the binder warp-threads being arranged in two sets and binding the binder weft-threads with two binder weft-threads in each loop of binder warp-threads and binding the figuring weftthreads with a single figuring' nur'ft-thread in each loop of binder arp-threads.

lf. A woven fabric having figuring wef`tthreads and binder weft-threads and figuring warp-threads and binder warp-threzuls, the weft-threads being arranged in sets of eight weft-threads each, each set comprising, in succession, two binder weft-threads, two figuring weft-threads, two binder weft-threads and two figuring weft-threads, the figuring' warp-threads being' arranged in pairs in two sets, and the binder warp-threads being ar ranged in two sets and binding the binder weft-threads with two binder weft-threads in each loop of binderwarp-threzulsand binding the figuring weft-tlirezuls with a Isingle figuring' weft-thread in each loop of binder warpthreads, the figuringl warp-threads acting as stuffers between the surface-ply figuring weftthreads and the figuring' weft-threads acting' as stuffers between the surface-ply figuring warp-threads, substantially as set forth.

ln testimony whereof vI have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS BENION DORNAN. iVitnesses:

S. D. BAILEY, E. G'. SILBER.

IOO

lIO 

